Table 1. <cache> Element Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
copy-on-read	Boolean indicating whether entry value retrieval methods return direct references to the entry value objects in the cache (false) or copies of the objects (true).	False
is-server	Boolean indicating whether this member is a cache server.	False
lock-timeout	The timeout, in seconds, for implicit object lock requests. This setting affects automatic locking only, and does not apply to manual locking. If a lock request does not return before the specified timeout period, it is cancelled and returns with a failure.	60
lock-lease	The timeout, in seconds, for implicit and explicit object lock leases. This affects both automatic locking and manual locking. Once a lock is obtained, it can remain in force for the lock lease time period before being automatically cleared by the system.	120
message-sync-interval	Used for client subscription queue synchronization when this member acts as a server to clients and server redundancy is used. Sets the frequency (in seconds) at which the primary server sends messages to its secondary servers to remove queued events that have already been processed by the clients.	1
search-timeout	How many seconds a `netSearch` operation can wait for data before timing out. You may want to change this based on your knowledge of the network load or other factors.	300

<cache-transaction-manager>

Specifies a transaction listener.

API: CacheTransactionManager

Example:

<cache search-timeout="60">
   <cache-transaction-manager>
     <transaction-listener>
       <class-name>com.company.data.MyTransactionListener</class-name>
       <parameter name="URL">
         <string>jdbc:cloudscape:rmi:MyData</string>
       </parameter>
     </transaction-listener>
     <transaction-listener>... </transaction-listener> 
     <transaction-writer>
       <class-name>com.company.data.MyTransactionWriter</class-name>
       <parameter name="URL">
         <string>jdbc:cloudscape:rmi:MyData</string>
       </parameter>
       <parameter>
     </transaction-writer>
   </cache-transaction-manager> .. .
</cache>

<transaction-listener>

When a transaction ends, its thread calls the TransactionListener to perform the appropriate follow-up for successful commits, failed commits, or voluntary rollbacks.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

<transaction-writer>

When you commit a transaction, a TransactionWriter can perform additional tasks, including aborting the transaction.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

<dynamic-region-factory>

The <dynamic-region-factory> element configures a dynamic region factory for this cache. You can use this element to dynamically create regions in your application code. Use the createDynamicRegion() method of the com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.DynamicRegionFactory class in your Java code to dynamically create regions.

Note: You can not use this element to dynamically create partitioned regions.

Pivotal Inc. recommends that you use functions to dynamically create regions. See Creating Regions Dynamically.

The optional <disk-dir> sub-element specifies the directory to store the persistent files that are used for dynamic region bookkeeping. It defaults to the current directory.

Set the pool-name attribute to set the name of the connection pool used by client applications in a client/server cache configuration. Do not specify the pool-name attribute in servers or peers.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.DynamicRegionFactory

Table 2. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
disable-persist-backup	When set to `false`, the factory is persisted on disk.	false
disable-register-interest	When set to `false`, client regions created by the factory register interest in all keys in a corresponding server cache region.	false
pool-name	The name of a connection pool used by the client factory to communicate with the server-side factory.	none

Example:

<dynamic-region-factory 
     pool-name=myPool>
     <disk-dir>/home/gemfire/myDiskdir</disk-dir>
</dynamic-region-factory>

<disk-dir>

Specifies a region or disk store's disk directory.

Table 3. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
dir-size	Maximum amount of space to use for the disk store, in megabytes.	214748364 (2 petabytes)

Example:

<disk-dir 
    dir-size="20480">/host3/users/gf/memberA_DStore</disk-dir>

<async-event-queue>

Configures a queue for sending region events to an AsyncEventListener implementation (for example, for write-behind event handling).

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.asyncqueue.AsyncEventQueue

Table 4. Attributes of <async-event-queue>
Attribute	Description	Default
id	Unique identifier for the queue. This attribute is required.	null
parallel	Value of "true" or "false" that specifies the type of queue that GemFire creates.	false
batch-size	Maximum number of messages that a batch can contain.	100
batch-time-interval	Maximum number of milliseconds that can elapse between sending batches.	5
enable-batch-conflation	Boolean value that determines whether GemFire should conflate messages.	false
disk-store-name	Named disk store to use for storing queue overflow, or for persisting the queue. If you specify a value, the named disk store must exist. If you specify a null value, GemFire uses the default disk store for overflow and queue persistence.	null specifies the default disk store
disk-synchronous	For regions that write to disk, boolean that specifies whether disk writes are done synchronously for the region.	true
dispatcher-threads	Number of dispatcher threads that are used to process region events from the queue.	5
maximum-queue-memory	Maximum amount of memory in megabytes that the queue can consume before overflowing to disk.	100 mb
order-policy	When the `dispatcher-threads` attribute is greater than 1, `order-policy` configures the way in which multiple dispatcher threads process region events from the queue. This attribute can have one of the following values: key. When distributing region events from the local queue, multiple dispatcher threads preserve the order of key updates. thread. When distributing region events from the local queue, multiple dispatcher threads preserve the order in which a given thread added region events to the queue. partition. This option is valid for parallel event queues. When distributing region events from the local queue, multiple dispatcher threads preserve the order in which region events were added to the local queue. For a partitioned region, this means that all region events delivered to a specific partition are delivered in the same order to the remote GemFire site. For a distributed region, this means that all key updates delivered to the local queue are distributed to the remote site in the same order.	key
persistent	Boolean value that determines whether GemFire persists this queue.	False

Example:

<cache>
   <async-event-queue 
    id="sampleQueue" 
    persistent="true"
    disk-store-name="exampleStore" 
    parallel="false">
      <async-event-listener>
         <class-name>MyAsyncEventListener</class-name>
         <parameter name="url"> 
           <string>jdbc:db2:SAMPLE</string> 
         </parameter> 
         <parameter name="username"> 
           <string>gfeadmin</string> 
         </parameter> 
         <parameter name="password"> 
           <string>admin1</string> 
         </parameter>
      </async-event-listener>
   </async-event-queue>
    ...
</cache>

<gateway-event-filter>

A GatewayEventFilter implementation determines whether a region event is placed in a gateway sender queue and/or whether an event in a gateway queue is distributed to a remote site. You can optionally add one or more GatewayEventFilter implementations to an async event queue, either in the cache.xml configuration file or using the Java API.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Example:

<gateway-event-filter>
      <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.util.SampleEventFilter</class-name>
      <parameter name="param1">
        <string>"value1"</string>
      </parameter>
</gateway-event-filter>

<gateway-event-substitution-filter>

A GatewayEventSubstitutionFilter provides a way to specify a substitute value to be stored in the GatewayQueueEvent and enqueued in the RegionQueue. You can optionally add one GatewayEventSubstitutionFilter implementation to an async event queue.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Example:

<gateway-event-substitution-filter>
      <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.util.SampleEventSubstitutionFilter</class-name>
      <parameter name="param1">
        <string>"value1"</string>
      </parameter>
</gateway-event-substitution-filter>

<async-event-listener>

An AsyncEventListener receives callbacks for events that change region data. You can use an AsyncEventListener implementation as a write-behind cache event handler to synchronize region updates with a database.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.asyncqueue.AsyncEventListener

Example:

...
    <async-event-listener>
         <class-name>MyAsyncEventListener</class-name>
         <parameter name="url"> 
           <string>jdbc:db2:SAMPLE</string> 
         </parameter> 
         <parameter name="username"> 
           <string>gfeadmin</string> 
         </parameter> 
         <parameter name="password"> 
           <string>admin1</string> 
         </parameter> 
    </async-event-listener>
...

<cache-server>

Configures the cache to serve region data to clients in a client/server caching system. This element indicates the port the server listens on for client communication.

The cacheserver process uses only cache.xml configuration. For application servers, you can set the same configuration properties using the com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.server.CacheServer and com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.Cache interfaces. For detailed information, see the online Java API documentation.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.server.CacheServer

Table 5. Attributes of <cache-server>
Attribute	Description	Default Value
bind-address	Hostname or IP address that the server is to listen on for client connections. If null, the server listens on the machine’s default address.	null
hostname-for-clients	Hostname or IP address to pass to the client as the location where the server is listening. When the server connects to the locator it tells the locator the host and port where it is listening for client connections. If the host the server uses by default is one that the client can’t translate into an IP address, the client will have no route to the server’s host and won’t be able to find the server. For this situation, you must supply the server’s alternate hostname for the locator to pass to the client. If null, the server’s `bind-address` setting is used.	null
load-poll-interval	Frequency, in milliseconds, to poll the load probe for load information on the server.	5000 (5 seconds)
max-connections	Maximum number of client connections for the server. When the maximum is reached, the server refuses additional client connections. Note: Set this at least as high as max-threads.	800
max-threads	Maximum number of threads allowed in this server to service client connections. When the limit is reached, server threads begin servicing multiple connections. A zero setting causes the server to use a thread for every client connection. Note: Set this no higher than max-connections.	0
maximum-message-count	Maximum number of messages allowed in a subscription queue. When the queue reaches this limit, messages block. Note: Used only if `client-subscription` is not configured.	230000
maximum-time-between-pings	Maximum time, in milliseconds, the server allows to pass between messages or pings indicating a client is healthy. Note: A setting of 0 or a negative number turns off client health monitoring. Be careful not to do this accidentally.	60000 (1 minute)
message-time-to-live	Setting used for highly available subscription queues. The expiration time, in seconds, for non-durable messages in the secondary server’s client subscription queue. The system removes non-durable messages that have been in the queue beyond this time. If set to 0 (zero), the messages are never removed. Note: Set this high enough to avoid removing messages that are still valid, to aovid losing messages during server failover.	180 (3 minutes)
port	Port that the server listens on for client communication.	40404
socket-buffer-size	Size for socket buffers used for server-to-client communication.	32768
tcp-no-delay	When set to true, enables TCP_NODELAY for GemFire server connections to clients.	false

Example:

<cache>
    <cache-server 
     port="40404" 
      />
   ...
</cache>

<group>

Deprecated as of GemFire 7.0. Specify server groups in the gemfire.properties file. See Organizing Servers Into Logical Member Groups.

<client-subscription>

Overflow specification for client subscription queues. Sets a capacity limit on the in-memory queue and specifies where to overflow when capacity is reached. By default no overflow is used. Specified in three parts:

Default: no overflow

API:

Table 6. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
eviction-policy	How the capacity is calculated. The options are mem for memory use, entry for message count, and null for no overflow.	null
capacity	. Used if eviction-policy is not none. Specified in megabytes for mem and as a positive integer for entry	1
disk-store-name	Used if eviction-policy is not none. Default: default disk store. If specified, the disk-store-name must specify a disk store that is already defined in the cache.	default disk store
overflow-directory	DEPRECATED as of GemFire version 6.5. See the `disk-store-name` attribute of the element <region-attributes>.

Example:

<cache-server port=4444>
</cache>

<custom-load-probe>

Application plug-in used to provide current and predicted server load information to the server locators.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Default: If this is not defined, the default GemFire load probe is used.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.server.setLoadProbe

Example:

<custom-load-probe>
    <class-name>
     myPackage.MyLoadProbe
    </class-name>
  </custom-load-probe>

<pool>

Use for client caches. Defines a client's server pool used to communicate with servers running in a different distributed system.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.client.PoolFactory

Table 7. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
free-connection-timeout	Amount of time a thread will wait to get a pool connection before timing out with an exception. This timeout keeps threads from waiting indefinitely when the pool’s `max-connections` has been reached and all connections in the pool are in use by other threads.	10000
idle-timeout	Maximum time, in milliseconds, a pool connection can stay open without being used when there are more than `min-connections` in the pool. Pings over the connection do not count as connection use. If set to -1, there is no idle timeout.	5000
load-conditioning-interval	Amount of time, in milliseconds, a pool connection can remain open before being eligible for silent replacement to a less-loaded server.	300000 (5 minutes)
max-connections	Maximum number of pool connections the pool can create. If the maximum connections are in use, an operation requiring a client-to-server connection blocks until a connection becomes available or the `free-connection-timeout` is reached. If set to -1, there is no maximum. The setting must indicate a cap greater than `min-connections`. Note: If you need to use this to cap your pool connections, you should disable the pool attribute `pr-single-hop-enabled`. Leaving single hop enabled can increase thrashing and lower performance.	-1
min-connections	Minimum number of pool connections to keep available at all times. Used to establish the initial connection pool. If set to 0 (zero), no connection is created until an operation requires it. This number is the starting point, with more connections added later as needed, up to the `max-connection` setting. The setting must be an integer greater than or equal to 0.	1
multiuser-authentication	Used for installations with security where you want to accommodate multiple users within a single client. If set to true, the pool provides authorization for multiple user instances in the same client application, and each user accesses the cache through its own `RegionService` instance. If false, the client either uses no authorization or just provides credentials for the single client process.	false
name	Name of this pool. Used in the client region pool-name to assign this pool to a region in the client cache. Note: This is a required property with no default setting.	none
ping-interval	How often to communicate with the server to show the client is alive, set in milliseconds. Pings are only sent when the ping-interval elapses between normal client messages. Note: Set this lower than the server’s `maximum-time-between-pings`.	10000
pr-single-hop-enabled	Setting used to improve access to partitioned region data in the servers. Indicates whether to use metadata about the partitioned region data storage locations to decide where to send some data requests. This allows a client to send a data operation directly to the server hosting the key. Without this, the client contacts any available server and that server contacts the data store. This is used only for operations that can be carried out on a server-by-server basis, like put, get, and destroy.	true
read-timeout	Maximum time, in milliseconds, for the client to wait for a response from a server.	10000
retry-attempts	Number of times to retry a client request before giving up. If one server fails, the pool moves to the next, and so on until it is successful or it hits this limit. If the available servers are fewer than this setting, the pool will retry servers that have already failed until it reaches the limit. If this is set to -1, the pool tries every available server once.	-1
server-group	Logical named server group to use from the pool. A null value uses the global server group to which all servers belong. Note: This is only used when the `locator` list is defined.	null
socket-buffer-size	Size for socket buffers from the client to the server. Default: 32768.	32768
statistic-interval	Interval, in milliseconds, at which to send client statistics to the server. If set to -1, statistics are not sent.	-1
subscription-ack-interval	Time, in milliseconds, between messages to the primary server to acknowledge event receipt. Note: Used only when `subscription-redundancy` is not ‘0’ (zero).	100
subscription-enabled	Boolean indicating whether the server should connect back to the client and automatically sends server-side cache update information. Any bind address information for the client is automatically passed to the server for use in the callbacks.	false
subscription-message- tracking-timeout	Time-to-live, in milliseconds, for entries in the client’s message tracking list.	900000 (15 minutes)
subscription-redundancy	Number of servers to use as backup to the primary for highly available subscription queue management. If set to 0, none are used. If set to -1, all available servers are used.	0
thread-local-connections	Boolean specifying whether connections are sticky. True causes the connection to stick to the thread for multiple requests. False causes each connection to be returned to the pool after a request finishes. A sticky connection is returned to the pool when the thread releases it through the `Pool` method `releaseThreadLocalConnection`, when the `idle-timeout` is reached, or when the pool is destroyed.	false

Example:

<pool 
   name="publisher" 
   subscription-enabled="true">
     <locator 
       host="myLocatorAddress1" 
       port="12345"/>
     <locator 
       host="myLocatorAddress2" 
       port="45678"/>
</pool>

<locator>

Addresses and ports of the locators to connect to. You can define multiple locators for the pool.

Note: Provide a locator list or server list, but not both.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.distributed.LocatorLauncher

Table 8. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
host	Hostname of the locator
port	Port number of the locator

Example:

<pool ...>
<locator 
       host="myLocatorHost" 
       port="12345"/>

<server>

Addresses and ports of the servers to connect to.

Note: Provide a server list or locator list, but not both.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.distributed.ServerLauncher

Table 9. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
host	Hostname of the server
port	Port number of the server

Example:

<pool ...>
   <server 
       host="myServerHost" 
       port="123456"/>
</pool>

<disk-store>

Defines a pool of one or more disk stores, which can be used by regions, and client subscription queues.

Default: The cache default disk store, named "DEFAULT", is used when disk is used but no disk store is named.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.DiskStore

Table 10. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
name	The name of the Disk Store.
auto-compact	Set to true to automatically compact the disk files.
compaction-threshold	The threshold at which an oplog will become compactable. Until it reaches this threshold the oplog will not be compacted. The threshold is a percentage in the range 0 to 100.
allow-force-compaction	Set to true to allow disk compaction to be forced on this disk store.
max-oplog-size	The maximum size, in megabytes, of an oplog (operation log) file.
time-interval	The number of milliseconds that can elapse before unwritten data is written to disk.
write-buffer-size	The size of the write buffer that this disk store uses when writing data to disk. Larger values may increase performance but use more memory. The disk store allocates one direct memory buffer of this size.
queue-size	Maximum number of operations that can be asynchronously queued to be written to disk.
disk-usage-warning-percentage	Disk usage above this threshold generates a warning message. For example, if the threshold is set to 90%, then on a 1 TB drive falling under 100 GB of free disk space generates the warning. Set to "0" (zero) to disable.	90
disk-usage-critical-percentage	Disk usage above this threshold generates an error message and shuts down the member's cache. For example, if the threshold is set to 99%, then falling under 10 GB of free disk space on a 1 TB drive generates the error and shuts down the cache. Set to "0" (zero) to disable.	99

Example:

<disk-store 
    name="DEFAULT" 
    allow-force-compaction="true">
	 <disk-dirs>
	  	<disk-dir>/export/thor/customerData</disk-dir>
	  	<disk-dir>/export/odin/customerData</disk-dir>
	  	<disk-dir>/export/embla/customerData</disk-dir>
	 </disk-dirs>
</disk-store>

<disk-dirs>

An element of a disk store that defines a set of <disk-dir> elements.

<disk-dir>

Specifies a region or disk store's disk directory.

Table 11. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
dir-size	Maximum amount of space to use for the disk store, in megabytes.	214748364 (2 petabytes)

Example:

<disk-dir 
    dir-size="20480">/host3/users/gf/memberA_DStore</disk-dir>

<pdx>

Specifies the configuration for the Portable Data eXchange (PDX) method of serialization.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CacheFactory.setPdxReadSerialized, setPdxDiskStore, setPdxPersistent, setPdxIgnoreUnreadFields and com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.ClientCacheFactory.setPdxReadSerialized, setPdxDiskStore, setPdxPersistent, setPdxIgnoreUnreadFields

Table 12. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
read-serialized	Set it to true if you want PDX deserialization to produce a PdxInstance instead of an instance of the domain class.
ignore-unread-fields	Set it to true if you do not want unread PDX fields to be preserved during deserialization. You can use this option to save memory. Set to true only in members that are only reading data from the cache.
persistent	Set to true if you are using persistent regions. This causes the PDX type information to be written to disk.
disk-store-name	If using persistence, this attribute allows you to configure the disk store that the PDX type data will be stored in. By default, the default disk store is used.

Example:

<cache>
  <pdx persistent="true" disk-store-name="myDiskStore">
    <pdx-serializer>
      <class-name>
       com.gemstone.gemfire.pdx.ReflectionBasedAutoSerializer
      </class-name>
    <parameter name="classes">
      <string>com.company.domain.DomainObject</string>>
    </parameter>
  </pdx-serializer>
 </pdx>
  ...
</cache>

<pdx-serializer>

Allows you to configure the PdxSerializer for this GemFire member.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CacheFactory.setPdxSerializer

Example:

<cache>
  <pdx>
    <pdx-serializer>
     <class-name>com.company.ExamplePdxSerializer</class-name>
    </pdx-serializer>
  </pdx> 
  ...
</cache>

<region-attributes>

Specifies a region attributes template that can be named (by id) and referenced (by refid) later in the cache.xml and through the API.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory or com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.ClientRegionFactory

Table 13. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

concurrency-level

Gives an estimate of the maximum number of application threads that will concurrently access a region entry at one time. This attribute does not apply to partitioned regions. This attribute helps GemFire optimize the use of system resources and reduce thread contention. This sets an initial parameter on the underlying java.util.ConcurrentHashMap used for storing region entries.

Note: Before you modify this, read the concurrency level description, then see the Java API documentation for java.util.ConcurrentHashMap.

API: setConcurrencyLevel

Example:

<region-attributes 
  concurrency-level="10">
</region-attributes>

16 (threads)

data-policy

Specifies how the local cache handles data for a region. This setting controls behavior such as local data storage and region initialization.

Note: Configure the most common options using the region shortcuts, RegionShortcut and ClientRegionShortcut. The default data-policy of normal specifies local cache storage. The empty policy specifies no local storage. In the region shortcuts, empty corresponds to the settings with the string PROXY. You can use an empty region for event delivery to and from the local cache without the memory overhead of data storage.

You can specify the following data policies:

empty	No data storage in the local cache. The region always appears empty. Use this for event delivery to and from the local cache without the memory overhead of data storage - zero-footprint producers that only distribute data to others and zero-footprint consumers that only see events. To receive events with this, set the region's `subscription-attributes` `interest-policy` to all.
normal	Data used locally (accessed with `get`s, stored with `put`s, etc.) is stored in the local cache. This policy allows the contents in the cache to differ from other caches.
partition	Data is partitioned across local and remote caches using the automatic data distribution behavior of partitioned regions. Additional configuration is done in the `partition-attributes`.
replicate	The region is initialized with the data from other caches. After initialization, all events for the distributed region are automatically copied into the local region, maintaining a replica of the entire distributed region in the local cache. Operations that would cause the contents to differ with other caches are not allowed. This is compatible with local `scope`, behaving the same as for normal.
persistent-partition	Behaves the same as `partition` and also persists data to disk.
persistent-replicate	Behaves the same as `replicate` and also persists data to disk.
preloaded	Initializes like a replicated region, then, once initialized, behaves like a normal region.

API: setDataPolicy

Example:

<region-attributes 
  data-policy="replicate"> 
</region-attributes>

This is similar to using a region shortcut withrefid, however when you use the REPLICATE region shortcut, it automatically sets the region's scope to distributed-ack.

<region-attributes 
  refid="REPLICATE"> 
</region-attributes>

If you use data-policy, you must set the scope explicitly.

normal

enable-async-conflation

For TCP/IP distributions between peers, specifies whether to allow aggregation of asynchronous messages sent by the producer member for the region. This is a special-purpose voolean attribute that applies only when asynchronous queues are used for slow consumers. A false value disables conflation so that all asynchronous messages are sent individually. This special-purpose attribute gives you extra control over peer-to-peer communication between distributed regions using TCP/IP. This attribute does not apply to client/server communication or to communication using the UDP unicast or IP multicast protocols.

Note: To use this attribute, the multicast-enabled region attribute disable-tcp in gemfire.properties must be false (the default for both). In addition, asynchronous queues must be enabled for slow consumers, specified with the async* gemfire properties.

API: setEnableAsyncConflation

Example:

<region-attributes 
  enable-async-conflation="false">
</region-attributes>

true

enable-gateway

Determines whether the gateway is enabled for the region. When set to true, events in the region are sent to the defined gateway hubs.

Used only with GemFire version 6.x gateway configurations. For GemFire 7.0 configuration, see the gateway-sender-id attribute of the <region-attributes> element.

false

enable-subscription-conflation

Boolean for server regions that specifies whether the server can conflate its messages to the client. A true value enables conflation.

Note: The client can override this setting with the conflate-events property in its gemfire.properties.

API: setEnableSubscriptionConflation

Example:

<region-attributes 
 enable-subscription-conflation="true">
 </region-attributes>

false

gateway-sender-ids

Specifies one or more gateway sender IDs to use for distributing region events to remote GemFire sites. Specify multiple IDs as a comma-separated list.

API: addGatewaySenderId

Example:

<region-attributes 
  gateway-sender-ids="nwsender,swsender">
</region-attributes>

not set

async-event-queue-ids

Specifies one or more asynchronous event queues to use for distributing region events an AsyncEventListener implementation (for example, for write-behind cache event handling). Specify multiple IDs as a comma-separated list.

API: addAsyncEventQueueId

Example:

<region-attributes 
  async-event-queue-ids="customerqueue,ordersqueue">
</region-attributes>

not set

hub-id

If the enable-gateway attribute is set to true, a comma-separated list of gateway hub IDs that receive events from the region.

Used only with GemFire version 6.x gateway configurations. For GemFire 7.0 configuration, see the gateway-sender-id attribute of the <region-attributes> element.

null

id

Stores the region attribute settings in the cache with this identifier. Once stored, the attributes can be retrieved using the region attribute refid.

API: setId

Example:

<region-attributes 
  id="persistent-replicated">
</region-attributes>

not set

ignore-jta

Boolean that determines whether operations on this region participate in active JTA transactions or ignore them and operate outside of the transactions. This is primarily used in cache loaders, writers, and listeners that need to perform non-transactional operations on a region, such as caching a result set.

API: setIgnoreJTA

Example:

<region-attributes 
  ignore-jta="true">
</region-attributes>

false

index-update-type

Specifies whether region indexes are maintained synchronously with region modifications, or asynchronously in a background thread. In the cache.xml file, this is set as a value, asynchronous or synchronous, assigned to the index-update-type region attribute. Set this through the API by passing a boolean to the setIndexMaintenanceSynchronous method.

API: setIndexMaintenanceSynchronous

Example:

<region-attributes 
  index-update-type="asynchronous">
</region-attributes>

synchronous updates

initial-capacity

Together with the load-factor region attribute, sets the initial parameters on the underlying java.util.ConcurrentHashMap used for storing region entries.

API: setInitialCapacity

Example:

<region-attributes 
  initial-capacity="20">
</region-attributes>

16

is-lock-grantor

Determines whether this member defines itself as the lock grantor for the region at region creation time. This only specifies whether the member becomes lock grantor at creation and does not reflect the current state of the member’s lock grantor status. The member’s lock grantor status may change if another member subsequently defines the region with is-lock-grantor set to true. This attribute is only relevant for regions with global scope, as only they allow locking. It affects implicit and explicit locking.

API: setLockGrantor

Example:

<region-attributes 
  is-lock-grantor="true">
</region-attributes>

false

load-factor

Together with the initial-capacity region attribute, sets the initial parameters on the underlying java.util.ConcurrentHashMap used for storing region entries. This must be a floating point number between 0 and 1, inclusive.

Note: Before you set this attribute, read the discussion of initial capacity and load factor, then see the Java API documentation for java.util.ConcurrentHashMap.

API: setLoadFactor

Example:

<region-attributes 
  load-factor="0.85">
</region-attributes>

.75

mirror-type

Deprecated

multicast-enabled

Boolean that specifies whether distributed operations on a region should use multicasting. To enable this, multicast must be enabled for the distributed system with the mcast-port gemfire.properties setting.

API: setMulticastEnabled

Example:

<region-attributes 
  multicast-enabled="true">
</region-attributes>

false

pool-name

Identifies the region as a client region and specifies the server pool the region is to use. The named pool must be defined in the client cache before the region is created. If this is not set, the region does not connect to the servers as a client region.

API: setPoolName

Examples:

This declaration creates the region as a client region with a server pool named DatabasePool. This pool-name specification is required, as there are multiple pools in the client cache:

<client-cache>
	<pool name="DatabasePool" 
   subscription-enabled="true">
		...
	</pool>
	<pool >
   name="OtherPool" 
   subscription-enabled="true">
		...
	</pool>
	<region ...
		<region-attributes 
          pool-name="DatabasePool"> 
		</region-attributes>
		...

This declaration creates the region as a client region assigned the single pool that is defined for the client cache. Here the pool-name specification is implied to be the only pool that exists in the cache:

<client-cache>
	<pool 
   name="publisher" 
   subscription-enabled="true">
		...
	</pool>
	<region 
   name="myRegion" 
   refid="CACHING_PROXY">
	</region>
</client-cache>

not set

disk-store-name

Assigns the region to the disk store with this name from the disk stores defined for the cache. Persist region data to disk by defining the region as persistent using the Shortcut Attribute Options or data-policy settings. Overflow data to disk by implementing LRU eviction-attributes with an action of overflow to disk. Each disk store defines the file system directories to use, how data is written to disk, and other disk storage maintenance properties. In addition, the disk-synchronous region attribute specifies whether writes are done synchronously or asynchronously.

API: setDiskStoreName

Example:

<region-attributes 
  disk-store-name="myStoreA" >
</region-attributes>

null

disk-synchronous

For regions that write to disk, boolean that specifies whether disk writes are done synchronously for the region.

API: setDiskSynchronous

Example:

<region-attributes 
  disk-store-name="myStoreA" 
  disk-synchronous="true">
</region-attributes>

true

refid

Retrieves region shortcuts and user-defined named region attributes for attributes initialization

API: setRefId

Example:

<region-attributes 
  refid="persistent-replicated">
  <!-- Override any stored 
    attribute settings that you 
    need to ... -->
</region-attributes>

not set

scope

Definition: Determines how updates to region entries are distributed to the other caches in the distributed system where the region and entry are defined. Scope also determines whether to allow remote invocation of some of the region’s event handlers, and wether to use region entry versions to provide consistent updates across replicated regions.

Note: You can configure the most common of these options with GemFire’s region shortccuts in RegionShortcut and ClientRegionShortcut.

Note: Server regions that are not partitioned must be replicated with distributed-ack or global scope. The region shortcuts that specify REPLICATE have distributed-ack scope.

Set one of the following scope values:

local	No distribution. The region is visible only to threads running inside the member.
distributed-no-ack	Events are distributed to remote caches with no acknowledgement required.
distributed-ack	Events are distributed to remote caches with receipt acknowledgement required. Region entry versions are used to provide consistent updates across members of the distributed system.
global	Events are distributed to remote caches with global locking to ensure distributed cache consistency.

API: setScope

Example:

<region-attributes 
  scope="distributed-ack">
</region-attributes>

distributed-no-ack

statistics-enabled

Boolean specifying whether to gather statistics on the region. Must be true to use expiration on the region. GemFire provides a standard set of statistics for cached regions and region entries, which give you information for fine-tuning your distributed system. Unlike other GemFire statistics, statistics for local and distributed regions are not archived and cannot be charted. They are kept in instances of com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CacheStatistics and made available through the region and its entries through the Region.getStatistics and Region.Entry.getStatistics methods.

API: setStatisticsEnabled

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
</region-attributes>

false

cloning-enabled

Determines how fromDelta applies deltas to the local cache for delta propagation. When true, the updates are applied to a clone of the value and then the clone is saved to the cache. When false, the value is modified in place in the cache.

API: setCloningEnabled

Example:

<region-attributes 
  cloning-enabled="true">
</region-attributes>

false

concurrency-checks-enabled

Determines whether members perform checks to provide consistent handling for concurrent or out-of-order updates to distributed regions. See Consistency for Region Updates.

Note: Applications that use a client-cache may want to disable concurrency checking in order to see all events for a region. GemFire server members can continue using concurrency checks for the region, but they will pass all events to the client cache. This configuration ensures that the client sees all events, but it does not prevent the client cache from becoming out-of-sync with the server cache.

API: setConcurrencyChecksEnabled

Example:

<region-attributes 
 concurrency-checks-enabled="true">
</region-attributes>

true

<key-constraint>

Defines the type of object to be allowed for the region entry keys. This must be a fully-qualified class name. The attribute ensures that the keys for the region entries are all of the same class. If key-constraint is not used, the region’s keys can be of any class. This attribute, along with value-constraint, is useful for querying and indexing because it provides object type information to the query engine.

Note: Set the constraint in every cache where you create or update the region entries. For client/server installations, match constraints between client and server and between distributed systems. The constraint is only checked in the cache that does the entry put or create operation. To avoid deserializing the object, the constraint is not checked when the entry is distributed to other caches.

Default: not set

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setKeyConstraint

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <key-constraint>
   java.lang.String
  </key-constraint>
</region-attributes>

<value-constraint>

Defines the type of object to be allowed for the region entry values. This must be a fully-qualified class name. If value constraint isn’t used, the region’s value can be of any class. This attribute, along with key-constraint, is useful for querying and indexing because it provides object type information to the query engine.

Note: Set the constraint in every cache where you create or update the region entries. For client/server installations, match constraints between client and server and between distributed systems. The constraint is only checked in the cache that does the entry put or create operation. To avoid deserializing the object, the constraint is not checked when the entry is distributed to other caches.

Default: not set

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setValueConstraint

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <value-constraint>
   cacheRunner.Portfolio
  </value-constraint>
</region-attributes>

<region-time-to-live>

Expiration setting that specifies how long the region can remain in the cache without anyone accessing or updating it.

Default: not set - no expiration of this type

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setRegionTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
  <region-time-to-live>
    <expiration-attributes 
      timeout="3600" 
      action="local-destroy"/>
  </region-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<expiration-attributes>

Within the entry-time-to-live or entry-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for removing old region entries that you are not using. You can destroy or invalidate entries, either locally or across the distributed system. Within the region-time-to-live or region-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for the entire region.

API: See APIs for entry-time-to-live, entry-idle-time, region-time-to-live, region-idle-time

Table 14. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

timeout

Number of seconds before a region or an entry expires. If timeout is not specified, it defaults to zero (which means no expiration).

0

action

Action that should take place when a region or an entry expires.

Select one of the following expiration actions:

local-destroy	Removes the region or entry from the local cache, but does not distribute the removal operation to remote members. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries.
destroy	Removes the region or entry completely from the cache. Destroy actions are distributed according to the region's distribution settings. Use this option when the region or entry is no longer needed for any application in the distributed system.
invalidate	Default expiration action. Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid. Distributes the invalidation according to the region's scope. This is the proper choice when the region or the entry is no longer valid for any application in the distributed system.
local-invalidate	Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid but does not distribute the operation. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries. Local region invalidation is only supported for regions that are not configured as replicated regions.

invalidate

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
   <entry-time-to-live>
      <expiration-attributes 
        timeout="60" 
        action="local-destroy"/>
   </entry-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

Specifies the custom class that implements com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CustomExpiry. You define this class in order to override the region-wide settings for specific entries. See Configure Data Expiration for an example.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCustomEntryIdleTimeout, setCustomeEntryTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes>
    <expiration-attributes 
       timeout="60" 
       action="local-destroy">
      <custom-expiry> 
        <class-name>
          com.megaconglomerate.mypackage.MyClass
        </class-name> 
      </custom-expiry>
</region-attributes>

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

<region-idle-time>

Expiration setting that specifies how long the region can remain in the cache without anyone accessing it.

Note: To ensure reliable read behavior across the partitioned region, use region-time-to-live for region expiration instead of this setting.

Default: not set - no expiration of this type

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setRegionIdleTimeout

Example:

<region-attributes statistics-enabled="true">
  <region-idle-time>
    <expiration-attributes 
      timeout="3600" 
      action="local-destroy"/>
  </region-idle-time>
</region-attributes>

<expiration-attributes>

Within the entry-time-to-live or entry-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for removing old region entries that you are not using. You can destroy or invalidate entries, either locally or across the distributed system. Within the region-time-to-live or region-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for the entire region.

API: See APIs for entry-time-to-live, entry-idle-time, region-time-to-live, region-idle-time

Table 15. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

timeout

Number of seconds before a region or an entry expires. If timeout is not specified, it defaults to zero (which means no expiration).

0

action

Action that should take place when a region or an entry expires.

Select one of the following expiration actions:

local-destroy	Removes the region or entry from the local cache, but does not distribute the removal operation to remote members. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries.
destroy	Removes the region or entry completely from the cache. Destroy actions are distributed according to the region's distribution settings. Use this option when the region or entry is no longer needed for any application in the distributed system.
invalidate	Default expiration action. Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid. Distributes the invalidation according to the region's scope. This is the proper choice when the region or the entry is no longer valid for any application in the distributed system.
local-invalidate	Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid but does not distribute the operation. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries. Local region invalidation is only supported for regions that are not configured as replicated regions.

invalidate

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
   <entry-time-to-live>
      <expiration-attributes 
        timeout="60" 
        action="local-destroy"/>
   </entry-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

Specifies the custom class that implements com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CustomExpiry. You define this class in order to override the region-wide settings for specific entries. See Configure Data Expiration for an example.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCustomEntryIdleTimeout, setCustomeEntryTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes>
    <expiration-attributes 
       timeout="60" 
       action="local-destroy">
      <custom-expiry> 
        <class-name>
          com.megaconglomerate.mypackage.MyClass
        </class-name> 
      </custom-expiry>
</region-attributes>

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

<entry-time-to-live>

Expiration setting that specifies how long the region’s entries can remain in the cache without anyone accessing or updating them. See <expiration-attributes> for details.

Default: not set - no expiration of this type.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setEntryTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes
  statistics-enabled="true">
  <entry-time-to-live>
    <expiration-attributes
     timeout="60"
     action="local-destroy"/>
  </entry-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<expiration-attributes>

Within the entry-time-to-live or entry-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for removing old region entries that you are not using. You can destroy or invalidate entries, either locally or across the distributed system. Within the region-time-to-live or region-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for the entire region.

API: See APIs for entry-time-to-live, entry-idle-time, region-time-to-live, region-idle-time

Table 16. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

timeout

Number of seconds before a region or an entry expires. If timeout is not specified, it defaults to zero (which means no expiration).

0

action

Action that should take place when a region or an entry expires.

Select one of the following expiration actions:

local-destroy	Removes the region or entry from the local cache, but does not distribute the removal operation to remote members. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries.
destroy	Removes the region or entry completely from the cache. Destroy actions are distributed according to the region's distribution settings. Use this option when the region or entry is no longer needed for any application in the distributed system.
invalidate	Default expiration action. Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid. Distributes the invalidation according to the region's scope. This is the proper choice when the region or the entry is no longer valid for any application in the distributed system.
local-invalidate	Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid but does not distribute the operation. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries. Local region invalidation is only supported for regions that are not configured as replicated regions.

invalidate

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
   <entry-time-to-live>
      <expiration-attributes 
        timeout="60" 
        action="local-destroy"/>
   </entry-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

Specifies the custom class that implements com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CustomExpiry. You define this class in order to override the region-wide settings for specific entries. See Configure Data Expiration for an example.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCustomEntryIdleTimeout, setCustomeEntryTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes>
    <expiration-attributes 
       timeout="60" 
       action="local-destroy">
      <custom-expiry> 
        <class-name>
          com.megaconglomerate.mypackage.MyClass
        </class-name> 
      </custom-expiry>
</region-attributes>

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

<entry-idle-time>

Expiration setting that specifies how long the region’s entries can remain in the cache without anyone accessing them. See <expiration-attributes> for details.

Note: To ensure reliable read behavior across the partitioned region, use entry-time-to-live for entry expiration instead of this setting.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setEntryIdleTimeout

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
  <entry-idle-time>
    <expiration-attributes 
      timeout="60" 
      action="local-invalidate"/>
    </expiration-attributes>
  </entry-idle-time>
</region-attributes>

<expiration-attributes>

Within the entry-time-to-live or entry-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for removing old region entries that you are not using. You can destroy or invalidate entries, either locally or across the distributed system. Within the region-time-to-live or region-idle-time element, this element specifies the expiration rules for the entire region.

API: See APIs for entry-time-to-live, entry-idle-time, region-time-to-live, region-idle-time

Table 17. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

timeout

Number of seconds before a region or an entry expires. If timeout is not specified, it defaults to zero (which means no expiration).

0

action

Action that should take place when a region or an entry expires.

Select one of the following expiration actions:

local-destroy	Removes the region or entry from the local cache, but does not distribute the removal operation to remote members. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries.
destroy	Removes the region or entry completely from the cache. Destroy actions are distributed according to the region's distribution settings. Use this option when the region or entry is no longer needed for any application in the distributed system.
invalidate	Default expiration action. Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid. Distributes the invalidation according to the region's scope. This is the proper choice when the region or the entry is no longer valid for any application in the distributed system.
local-invalidate	Marks an entry or all entries in the region as invalid but does not distribute the operation. You cannot use this action on partitioned region entries. Local region invalidation is only supported for regions that are not configured as replicated regions.

invalidate

Example:

<region-attributes 
  statistics-enabled="true">
   <entry-time-to-live>
      <expiration-attributes 
        timeout="60" 
        action="local-destroy"/>
   </entry-time-to-live>
</region-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

Specifies the custom class that implements com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.CustomExpiry. You define this class in order to override the region-wide settings for specific entries. See Configure Data Expiration for an example.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCustomEntryIdleTimeout, setCustomeEntryTimeToLive

Example:

<region-attributes>
    <expiration-attributes 
       timeout="60" 
       action="local-destroy">
      <custom-expiry> 
        <class-name>
          com.megaconglomerate.mypackage.MyClass
        </class-name> 
      </custom-expiry>
</region-attributes>

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

<partition-attributes>

Defines the region as partitioned and controls partitioning behavior. This is set during the region creation in the first data store for the partitioned region.

Note: With the exception of local-max-memory, all members defining a partitioned region must use the same partition attribute settings.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setPartitionAttributes

Table 18. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
colocated-with	The full name of a region to colocate with this region. The named region must exist before this region is created.	null
local-max-memory	Maximum megabytes of memory set aside for this region in the local member. This is all memory used for this partitioned region - for primary buckets and any redundant copies. This value must be smaller than the Java settings for the initial or maximum JVM heap. When the memory use goes above this value, GemFire issues a warning, but operation continues. Besides setting the maximum memory to use for the member, this setting also tells GemFire how to balance the load between members where the region is defined. For example, if one member sets this value to twice the value of another member’s setting, GemFire works to keep the ratio between the first and the second at two-to-one, regardless of how little memory the region consumes. This is a local parameter that applies only to the local member. A value of 0 disables local data caching.	90% (of local heap)
recovery-delay	Applies when `redundant-copies` is greater than zero. The number of milliseconds to wait after a member crashes before reestablishing redundancy for the region. A setting of -1 disables automatic recovery of redundancy after member failure.	-1
redundant-copies	Number of extra copies that the partitioned region must maintain for each entry. Range: 0-3. If you specify 1, this partitioned region maintains the original and one backup, for a total of two copies. A value of 0 disables redundancy.	0
startup-recovery-delay	Applies when `redundant-copies` is greater than zero. The number of milliseconds a newly started member should wait before trying to satisfy redundancy of region data stored on other members. A setting of -1 disables automatic recovery of redundancy after new members join.	0
total-max-memory	Maximum combined megabytes of memory to be used by all processes hosting this region for all copies, primary and redundant.	`Integer.MAX_VALUE`
total-num-buckets	Total number of buckets or data storage areas allotted for the entire partitioned region in the distributed cache. As data moves from one member to another, the entries in a bucket move as one unit. This value should be a prime number at least four times the number of data stores. More buckets increases overhead, however, especially when redundant-copies = 2 or 3 .	113

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <partition-attributes 
   redundant-copies="1" 
   total-num-buckets= "613"/>
</region-attributes>

<partition-resolver>

Describes a custom PartitionResolver for a region.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.PartitionAttributesFactory.setPartitionResolver

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Table 19. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
name	The name of this custom PartitionResolver.

Example:

<region name="trades">
  <region-attributes>
      <partition-attributes>
          <partition-resolver name="TradesPartitionResolver"> 
              <class-name>myPackage.TradesPartitionResolver
              </class-name>
          </partition-resolver>
      </partition-attributes>
  </region-attributes>
</region>

<partition-listener>

Defines a custom PartitionListener for a partitioned region.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.PartitionAttributesFactory.PartitionListener

Example:

<partition-attributes redundant-copies="1">
     <partition-listener>
         <class-name>com.myCompany.ColocatingPartitionListener</class-name.
          <parameter name="viewRegions">
              <string>/customer/ViewA,/customer/ViewB</string>
          </parameter>             
     </partition-listener>
 </partition-attributes>

<fixed-partition-attributes>

Describes a partition in a Fixed Partitioned Region.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.PartitionAttributesFactory.addFixedPartitionAttributes

Table 20. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
partition-name	The name of this fixed partition.
is-primary	Set to true if this partition is the primary partition.	false
num-buckets	The number of buckets assigned to this partition.

Example:

<cache>
   <region name="Trades">
      <region-attributes>
         <partition-attributes 
          redundant-copies="1"> 
          <partition-resolver name="QuarterFixedPartitionResolver">
             <fixed-partition-attributes 
               partition-name="Q1" 
               is-primary="true"/>
             <fixed-partition-attributes 
               partition-name="Q3" 
               is-primary="false" 
               num-buckets="6"/>
         </partition-attributes> 
      </region-attributes>
   </region>
</cache>

<membership-attributes>

Establishes reliability requirements and behavior for a region. Use this to configure the region to require one or more membership roles to be running in the system for reliable access to the region. You can set up your own roles, such as producer or backup, specifying each role as a string. Membership attributes have no effect unless one or more required roles are specified.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setMembershipAttributes

Table 21. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

loss-action

Set one of the following values to specify how access to the region is affected when one or more required roles are lost.

full-access	Access to the region is unaffected when required roles are missing.
limited-access	Only local access to the region is allowed when required roles are missing.
no-access	The region is unavailable when required roles are missing.
reconnect	Loss of required roles causes the entire cache to be closed.

no_access

resumption-action

Specifies how the region is affected by resumption of reliability when one or more missing required roles return to the distributed membership. Set one of the following values:

none	No special action takes place when reliability resumes.
reinitialize	Resumption of reliability causes the region to be cleared of all data and replicated regions will do a new getInitialImage operation to repopulate the region.

reinitialize

Example:

<!-- If there is no "producer" member 
  running, do not allow access to the region -->
<region-attributes>
  <membership-attributes 
    loss-action="no-access" 
    resumption-action="none">
    <required-role 
      name="producer">
    </required-role>
  </membership-attributes>
</region-attributes>

<required-role>

Specifies a role that is required for reliable access to the region.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.MembershipAttributes

Table 22. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
name	The name of the required role.

Example:

<membership-attributes 
  loss-action="no-access" 
  resumption-action="none">
    <required-role name="producer"/>
</membership-attributes>

<subscription-attributes>

Specifies subscriber requirements and behavior for the region. There is one subscription attribute, interest-policy, that defines which distributed entry events are delivered to the local region.

Note: The interest policy determines which events are delivered, but the data-policy determines how the events are applied to the cache.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setSubscriptionAttributes

Table 23. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

interest-policy

The two interest-policy options are:

cache-content	The default, registers interest in events only for entries that are already in the local region. For partitioned regions, the local member must hold the primary copy of the entry’s data.
all	Registers interest in events for all entries that are anywhere in the distributed or partitioned region, regardless of whether they are already present in the local cache.

cache-content

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <subscription-attributes 
   interest-policy="all"/>
</region-attributes>

<cache-loader>

An event-handler plug-in that allows you to program for cache misses. At most, one cache loader can be defined in each member for the region. For distributed regions, a cache loader may be invoked remotely from other members that have the region defined. When an entry get results in a cache miss in a region with a cache loader defined, the loader’s load method is called. This method is usually programmed to retrieve data from an outside data source, but it can do anything required by your application.

For partitioned regions, if you want to have a cache loader, install an instance of the cache loader in every data store. Partitioned regions support partitioned loading, where each cache loader loads only the data entries in the local member. If data redundancy is configured, data is loaded only if the local member holds the primary copy.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCacheLoader

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <cache-loader>
    <class-name>quickstart.SimpleCacheLoader</class-name>
  </cache-loader>
</region-attributes>

<cache-writer>

An event-handler plug-in that allows you to receive before-event notification for changes to the region and its entries. It also has the ability to abort events. At most, one cache writer can be defined in each member for the region. A cache writer may be invoked remotely from other members that have the region defined.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setCacheWriter

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <cache-writer>
    <class-name>quickstart.SimpleCacheWriter</class-name>
  </cache-writer>
</region-attributes>

<cache-listener>

An event-handler plug-in that receives after-event notification of changes to the region and its entries. Any number of cache listeners can be defined for a region in any member. GemFire offers several listener types with callbacks to handle data and process events. Depending on the data-policy and the interest-policy subscription attributes, a cache listener may receive only events that originate in the local cache, or it may receive those events along with events that originate remotely.

Specify the Java class for the cache listener and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.addCacheListener

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <cache-listener>
    <class-name>
      quickstart.SimpleCacheListener
    </class-name>
  </cache-listener>
</region-attributes>

<compressor>

A compressor registers a custom class that extends Compressor to support compression on a region.

Example:

 ...
<compressor>
<class-name>
            <parameter>
               <string>
               <declarable>
</compressor>
...

<eviction-attributes>

Specifies whether and how to control a region’s size. Size is controlled by removing least recently used (LRU) entries to make space for new ones. This may be done through destroy or overflow actions. You can configure your region for lru-heap-percentage with an eviction action of local-destroy using GemFire’s stored region attributes.

Default: Uses the lru-entry-count algorithm.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory.setEvictionAttributes

Example:

<region-attributes>
  <eviction-attributes> 
    <lru-entry-count 
      maximum="1000" 
      action="overflow-to-disk"/>
  </eviction-attributes>
</region-attributes

<lru-entry-count>

Using the maximum attribute, specifies maximum region capacity based on entry count.

Table 24. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

action

Set one of the following eviction actions:

local-destroy	Entry is destroyed locally. Not available for replicated regions.
overflow-to-disk	Entry is overflowed to disk and the value set to null in memory. For partitioned regions, this provides the most reliable read behavior across the region.

local-destroy

maximum

The maximum number of entries allowed in a region.

<lru-heap-percentage>

Runs evictions when the GemFire resource manager says to. The manager orders evictions when the total cache size is over the heap percentage limit specified in the manager configuration. You can declare a Java class that implements the ObjectSizer interface to measure the size of objects in the Region.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Table 25. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

action

Set one of the following eviction actions:

local-destroy	Entry is destroyed locally. Not available for replicated regions.
overflow-to-disk	Entry is overflowed to disk and the value set to null in memory. For partitioned regions, this provides the most reliable read behavior across the region.

local-destroy

<lru-memory-size>

Using the maximum attribute, specifies maximum region capacity based on the amount of memory used, in megabytes. You can declare a Java class that implements the ObjectSizer interface to measure the size of objects in the Region.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Table 26. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

action

Set one of the following eviction actions:

local-destroy	Entry is destroyed locally. Not available for replicated regions.
overflow-to-disk	Entry is overflowed to disk and the value set to null in memory. For partitioned regions, this provides the most reliable read behavior across the region.

local-destroy

maximum

The maximum amount of memory used in the region, in megabytes.

<jndi-bindings>

Specifies the binding for a data-source used in transaction management. See Configuring Database Connections Using JNDI.

Example:

<jndi-bindings>
      <jndi-binding type="XAPooledDataSource" 
	jndi-name="newDB2trans" 
	init-pool-size="20" 
	max-pool-size="100"
	idle-timeout-seconds="20"
	blocking-timeout-seconds="5" 
	login-timeout-seconds="10"
	xa-datasource-class="org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedXADataSource"
	user-name="mitul" 
	password="encrypted(83f0069202c571faf1ae6c42b4ad46030e4e31c17409e19a)">
         <config-property>
          <config-property-name>Description</config-property-name>
          <config-property-type>java.lang.String</config-property-type>
          <config-property-value>pooled_transact</config-property-value>
       </config-property>
          <config-property>
             <config-property-name>DatabaseName</config-property-name>
             <config-property-type>java.lang.String</config-property-type>
             <config-property-value>newDB</config-property-value>
          </config-property>
          <config-property>
             <config-property-name>CreateDatabase</config-property-name>
             <config-property-type>java.lang.String</config-property-type>
             <config-property-value>create</config-property-value>
          </config-property>		 
       . . .
      </jndi-binding>
   </jndi-bindings>

<jndi-binding>

For every datasource that is bound to the JNDI tree, there should be one <jndi-binding> element. This element describes the property and the configuration of the datasource. GemFire uses the attributes of the <jndi-binding> element for configuration. Use the <config-property> element to configure properties for the datasource.

Pivotal recommends that you set the username and password with the user-name and password jndi-binding attributes rather than using the <config-property> element.

Table 27. Attributes

Attribute

Description

Default

blocking-timeout-seconds

The number of seconds that a connection remains associated with a transaction. If this value is exceeded, the connection is disassociated from the transaction.

120

conn-pooled-datasource-class

Java class used for the PooledDataSource type.

connection-url

URL for connecting to the datasource.

Note: If you are connecting to a JCA data source driver that implements XA transactions (where the jndi-binding type is XAPooledDataSource), do not use this attribute. Instead, define configuration properties for your database. See <config-property> for an example.

idle-timeout-seconds

The maximum number of seconds that a connection can remain idle in a pool. When this threshold is reached, the connection is removed.

600

init-pool-size

The initial pool size of a PooledConnection (an XAConnection or a non-XAConnection).

10

jdbc-driver-class

Java class used for the SimpleDataSource type.

jndi-name

The jndi-name attribute is the key binding parameter. If the value of jndi-name is a DataSource, it is bound as java:/myDatabase, where myDatabase is the name you assign to your data source. If the data source cannot be bound to JNDI at runtime, GemFire logs a warning.

login-timeout-seconds

The maximum number of seconds for which a thread seeking a connection from a connection pool may be blocked. If the thread is unable to obtain connection in the stipulated time, a PoolException is thrown

If a connection is available the thread returns immediately.

If an existing connection is not available and the maximum number of connections in the pool has not been reached, a new connection is created and the thread returns immediately with the connection.

If a connection is not available, the thread blocks for the specified time while waiting for an available connection.

30

managed-conn-factory-class

If the Resource Adapter is of type ManagedDataSource, this class becomes the source of the PooledConnection. (This class interface complies with the J2CA Java 2 Connector Architecture.)

max-pool-size

The maximum size of the PooledConnection.

30

password

Password to access the datasource.

transaction-type

When the type attribute is set to ManagedDataSource, specifies the type of transaction. Set one of the following transaction-types:

XATransaction	Select this option when you want to use aManagedConnection interface with a Java Transaction Manager to define transaction boundries. This option allows a ManagedDataSource to participate in a transaction with a GemFire cache.
NoTransaction	No transactional behavior is used.
LocalTransaction	Select this option when using a ManagedDataSource that is not managed by the Java Transaction manager.

none

type

Set one of the following types:

XAPooledDataSource	Pooled SQL connections. For this type, you must also set the `xa-datasource-class` attribute.
ManagedDataSource	JNDI binding type for the J2EE Connector Architecture (JCA). ManagedConnectionFactory. For information on the ManagedConnection interface, See: http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/6/api/javax/resource/spi/ManagedConnection.html.
PooledDataSource	Pooled SQL connections. For this type, you must also set the `conn-pooled-datasource-class` attribute.
SimpleDataSource	Single SQL connection. No pooling of SQL connections is done. Connections are generated on the fly and cannot be reused. For this type, you must also set the `jdbc-driver-class` attribute.

none

user-name

User name to access to the datasource.

xa-datasource-class

Java class used for the XAPooledDataSource type.

<config-property>

A configuration property of the datasource. Use the sub-elements to identify the name, datatype, and value of the property.

Default:

API:

Example:

<config-property>
     <config-property-name>DatabaseName</config-property-name>
     <config-property-type>java.lang.String</config-property-type>
     <config-property-value>newDB</config-property-value>
</config-property>

Configuration properties vary depending on the database vendor. See Configuring Database Connections Using JNDI for examples of different configuration property configurations.

<config-property-name>

The name of this datasource property.

<config-property-type>

The data type of this datasource property.

<config-property-value>

The value of this datasource property.

<region>

Defines a region in the cache. See <region-attributes> for more details on configuring regions. You can specify zero or more subregions within a region. See Create and Access Data Subregions for restrictions on creating subregions. For example, you cannot create a partitioned subregion.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.RegionFactory or com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.ClientRegionFactory

Table 28. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
name	Specify the name for the region. See Creating a Region Through the cache.xml File for details.
refid	Used to apply predefined attributes to the region being defined. If the nested "region-attributes" element has its own "refid", then it will cause the "refid" on the region to be ignored. The "refid" region attriibute can be set to the name of a RegionShortcut or a ClientRegionShortcut. For more information, see Region Shortcuts and Custom Named Region Attributes and Storing and Retrieving Region Shortcuts and Custom Named Region Attributes.

Example:

<!--Using region shortcut-->
<region 
  name="PartitionedRegion" 
  refid="PARTITIION_REDUNDANT">
...
</region>

<!-- Retrieving and storing attributes -->
<region-attributes 
  id="myPartition" 
  refid="PARTITION_REDUNDANT">
	<partition-attributes 
   local-max-memory="512"/>
</region-attributes>

<!-- Attributes are retrieved and applied in the first region -->
<region name="PartitionedRegion1" refid="myPartition"/>

See<region-attributes> for a complete listing of region attributes.

<index>

Describes an index to be created on a region. The index node, if any, should all come immediately after the "region-attributes" node. The "name" attribute is a required field which identifies the name of the index. See Working with Indexes for more information on indexes. You can create either a functional index with the <functional> sub-element or a primary-key index with the <primary-key> element.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.query.QueryService.createIndex, createKeyIndex, createHashIndex

Table 29. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
name	Required. Name of the index.
from-clause	Specifies the collection(s) of objects that the index ranges over. The from-clause must only contain one and only one region path.
expression	Specifies the lookup value of the index.
imports	String containing the imports used to create the index. String should be specified in the query language syntax with each import statement separated by a semicolon. The imports statement provides packages and classes used in variable typing in the indexed and FROM expressions.
key-index	True or false. Whether the index should be a key index. If true, the region key specified in the indexed expression is used to evaluate queries
type	Possible values are "hash" or "range".	range

Example:

<region name=exampleRegion>
 <region-attributes . . . >
 </region-attributes>
 <index 
  name="myIndex" 
  from-clause="/exampleRegion" 
  expression="status"/>
 <index 
  name="myKeyIndex" 
  from-clause="/exampleRegion" 
  expression="id" key-index="true"/>
 <index 
  name="myHashIndex" 
  from-clause="/exampleRegion p" 
  expression="p.mktValue" type="hash"/>
 ...
</region>

<functional>

Defines a functional index. Deprecated after GemFire 6.6.1. Use the type attribute of <index> instead.

Table 30. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
expression	Specifies the collection(s) of objects that the index ranges over. The from-clause must only contain one and only one region path.
from-clause	Specifies the lookup value of the index.
imports	String containing the imports used to create the index. String should be specified in the query language syntax with each import statement separated by a semicolon. The imports statement provides packages and classes used in variable typing in the indexed and FROM expressions.

<primary-key>

Defines a primary-key index. Deprecated after GemFire 6.6.1. Use the key-index attribute of <index> instead

Table 31. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
field	The field used to create the primary-key index.

<entry>

An "entry" element describes an entry to be added to a region. Note that if an entry with the given key already exists in the region, it will be replaced.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.Region.create, put, get, putAll, getAll

Example:

<region ...>
 <region-attributes ...>
   ...
 </region-attributes>
 <entry>
   <key><string>MyKey</string></key>
   <value><string>MyValue</string></value>
 </entry>
</region>

<key>

Required. Describes the key in a region entry. A key can contain either a <string> or a <declarable> sub-element.

<string>

Specifies a String to be placed in a Region entry.

Example:

<region ...>
 <region-attributes ...>
   ...
 </region-attributes>
 <entry>
   <key><string>MyKey</string></key>
   <value><string>MyValue</string></value>
 </entry>
</region>

<declarable>

Specifies a Declarable object to be placed in a Region entry.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: Declarable

Example:

<parameter name="cacheserver">
  <declarable>
    <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.addon.cache.CacheServerInitializer</class-name>
	<parameter name="system.property.prefix">
  	<string>cacheserver</string>
	</parameter>
  </declarable>
</parameter>

<value>

Required. Describes the value of a region entry. A <value> can contain either a <string> or a <declarable> sub-element.

<string>

Specifies a String to be placed in a Region entry.

Example:

<region ...>
 <region-attributes ...>
   ...
 </region-attributes>
 <entry>
   <key><string>MyKey</string></key>
   <value><string>MyValue</string></value>
 </entry>
</region>

<declarable>

Specifies a Declarable object to be placed in a Region entry.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: Declarable

Example:

<parameter name="cacheserver">
  <declarable>
    <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.addon.cache.CacheServerInitializer</class-name>
	<parameter name="system.property.prefix">
  	<string>cacheserver</string>
	</parameter>
  </declarable>
</parameter>

<region>

When nested within a <region> element, defines a subregion. See Create and Access Data Subregions for restrictions on creating subregions. For example, you cannot create a partitioned subregion.

See <region>

<vm-root-region>

DEPRECATED

<function-service>

Configures the behavior of the function execution service.

Example:

<cache>
    ...
    </region>
<function-service>
  <function>
    <class-name>com.myCompany.tradeService.cache.func.TradeCalc</class-name>
  </function>
</function-service>

<function>

Defines a function for registration in the function service

Specify the Java class for the function and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Default:

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.execute.FunctionService

Example:

<function>
  <class-name>
    com.myCompany.tradeService.cache.func.TradeCalc
  </class-name>
</function>

<resource-manager>

A memory monitor that tracks cache size as a percentage of total tenured heap and controls size by restricting access to the cache and prompting eviction of old entries from the cache. Used in conjunction with settings for JVM memory and Java garbage collection.

API: com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.control.ResourceManager

Table 32. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
critical-heap-percentage	Percentage of heap at or above which the cache is considered in danger of becoming inoperable due to garbage collection pauses or out of memory exceptions.	0
eviction-heap-percentage	Set the percentage of heap at or above which the eviction should begin on Regions configured for HeapLRU eviction. Changing this value may cause eviction to begin immediately. Only one change to this attribute or critical heap percentage will be allowed at any given time and its effect will be fully realized before the next change is allowed. This feature requires additional VM flags to perform properly. See `setCriticalHeapPercentage()` for details.	0, If no region is configured with heap eviction If `critical-heap-percentage` is set to a non-zero value, 5% less than that value. 80%, if `critical-heap-percentage` is not configured.

Example:

<cache>
...
   <resource-manager 
      critical-heap-percentage="99.9" 
      eviction-heap=-percentage="85"/>
...
</cache>

<serialization-registration>

Set of serializer or instantiator tags to register customer DataSerializer extensions or DataSerializable implementations respectively.

Example:

<serialization-registration>
    <instantiator id="30">        
       <class-name>com.package.MyClass</class-name>
    </instantiator>
</serialization-registration>

<serializer>

Allows you to configure the DataSerializer for this GemFire member. It registers a custom class which extends DataSerializer to support custom serialization of non-modifiable object types inside GemFire.

Specify the Java class for the DataSerializer and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> sub-element.

API: You can also register a DataSerializer by using the com.gemstone.gemfire.DataSerializer.register API. Use the com.gemstone.gemfire.Instantiator API to register a DataSerializable implementation.

<instantiator>

An Instantiator registers a custom class which implements the DataSerializable interface to support custom object serialization inside GemFire.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> sub-element.

API: DataSerializable

You can also directly specify <instantiator> as a sub-element of <cache>. Use the com.gemstone.gemfire.Instantiator API to register a DataSerializable implementation as the serialization framework for the cache. The following table lists the attribute that can be specified for an <instantiator>.

Table 33. Attributes
Attribute	Description	Default
id	Required. ID that the Instantiator should associate with the `DataSerializable` type.

<backup>

Defines additional files or directories that should be backed up when the system wide backup command is invoked. Disk stores with persistent data are automatically backed up and do not need to be listed with this element.

Example:

<backup>./systemConfig/gf.jar</backup>
<backup>/users/jpearson/gfSystemInfo/myCustomerConfig.doc</backup>

<initializer>

Used to specify a callback class (and optionally its parameters) that will be run after the cache is initialized. This element can be specified for both server and client caches.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements. See <class-name> and <parameter>.

Default:

API: Declarable

Example:

<initializer>
   <class-name>MyInitializer</class-name>
      <parameter name="members">
         <string>2</string>
      </parameter>
</initializer>

<declarable>

Specifies a Declarable object to be placed in a Region entry.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: Declarable

Example:

<parameter name="cacheserver">
  <declarable>
    <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.addon.cache.CacheServerInitializer</class-name>
	<parameter name="system.property.prefix">
  	<string>cacheserver</string>
	</parameter>
  </declarable>
</parameter>

<class-name> and <parameter>

Specify the name of a Java class with the <class-name> sub-element.

Specify initialization parameters for the class using the <parameter> sub-element. Use the name attribute to specify the name of the parameter and specify its value in the content of the <string> sub-element or by specifying a Java class with the <declarable> sub-element.

Example:

The following transaction writer configuration example specifies a Java class named com.company.data.MyTransactionWritet. The class is initialized with a parameter named URL whose value is jdbc:cloudscape:rmi:MyData.

<transaction-writer>
       <class-name>com.company.data.MyTransactionWriter</class-name>
       <parameter name="URL">
         <string>jdbc:cloudscape:rmi:MyData</string>
       </parameter>
</transaction-writer>

<declarable>

Specifies a Declarable object to be placed in a Region entry.

Specify the Java class and its initialization parameters with the <class-name> and <parameter> sub-elements.

API: Declarable

Example:

<parameter name="cacheserver">
  <declarable>
    <class-name>com.gemstone.gemfire.addon.cache.CacheServerInitializer</class-name>
	<parameter name="system.property.prefix">
  	<string>cacheserver</string>
	</parameter>
  </declarable>
</parameter>

<string>

Specifies a String to be placed in a Region entry.

Example:

<region ...>
 <region-attributes ...>
   ...
 </region-attributes>
 <entry>
   <key><string>MyKey</string></key>
   <value><string>MyValue</string></value>
 </entry>
</region>

<cache> Element Reference

<cache> Element Reference

<cache-transaction-manager>

<transaction-listener>

<transaction-writer>

<dynamic-region-factory>

<disk-dir>

<async-event-queue>

<gateway-event-filter>

<gateway-event-substitution-filter>

<async-event-listener>

<cache-server>

<group>

<client-subscription>

<custom-load-probe>

<pool>

<locator>

<server>

<disk-store>

<disk-dirs>

<disk-dir>

<pdx>

<pdx-serializer>

<region-attributes>

<key-constraint>

<value-constraint>

<region-time-to-live>

<expiration-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

<region-idle-time>

<expiration-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

<entry-time-to-live>

<expiration-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

<entry-idle-time>

<expiration-attributes>

<custom-expiry>

<partition-attributes>

<partition-resolver>

<partition-listener>

<fixed-partition-attributes>

<membership-attributes>

<required-role>

<subscription-attributes>

<cache-loader>

<cache-writer>

<cache-listener>

<compressor>

<eviction-attributes>

<lru-entry-count>

<lru-heap-percentage>

<lru-memory-size>

<jndi-bindings>

<jndi-binding>

<config-property>

<config-property-name>

<config-property-type>

<config-property-value>

<region>

<index>

<functional>

<primary-key>

<entry>

<key>

<string>

<declarable>

<value>

<string>

<declarable>

<region>

<vm-root-region>

<function-service>

<function>

<resource-manager>

<serialization-registration>

<serializer>

<instantiator>

<backup>

<initializer>